Urban and Transport Planning Related Exposures and Health Outcomes
Scientific Evidence
Air Pollution
Head
- Dementia - M Cacciottolo et all, 2017
- Neurodegenerative diseases - Calderón-Garcidueñas L. et all., 2015
- Mental health problems - Power MC et all, 2015
- Autism and child behaviour problems - Raanan Raz et al., 2015
- Stroke - Stafoggia et al., 2014
Reproductive System and Fetus
- Preterm birth - Sapkota et al., 2010
- Reduced weight at birth - Pedersen et al., 2013
- Preeclampsia - Pedersen M, 2014
- Reduction in sperm quality - Lafuente et al., 2016
Respiratory tract
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - WHO, 2016
- Asthma - Khreis et al., 2017
- Respiratory diseases - Kurt OK et al., 2016
- Pneumonia - WHO, 2016
- Lung cancer - Hamra et al., 2015
Heart
- Myocardial infarction - Mustafic H et al., 2012
- Arrhythmia - Mark S. Link et al., 2010
- Heart congestive failure - Robert D. Brook et al., 2010
- Cardiovascular diseases - Cesaroni et al., 2014
Arteries
- Deep venous thrombosis - Brook et al., 2010
General
- Diabetes - Eze et al., 2015
- Systemic inflammation - Brook et al., 2010
- Increase in mortality - Mueller et al., 2017
Noise
Head
- Cognitive impairment - WHO, Regional Office for Europe, 2011
- Stroke - Yvonne de Kluizenaar et al., 2013
- Cerebrovascular diseases - Yvonne de Kluizenaar et al., 2013
- Tinnitus or deafness - WHO, Regional Office for Europe, 2011
Heart
- Myocardial infarction - Babisch, 2014
Cardiovascular diseases - Babisch, 2014
Arteries
Hypertension - Van Kempen and Babisch, 2012
General
- Nuisance, stress - D. Ouis, 2001
- Sleep disorder - Miedema and Vos, 2007
- Increase in mortality - WHO, Regional Office for Europe, 2011
Heat
Head
- Reduction of cognitive performance - Hanckock, 2002.
Reproductive system and tract
- Premature birth - Schifano et al., 2016
General/Others
- Injuries from work and traffic incidents- Basagaña et al., 2015
- Increase in mortality - Guo Y et al., 2014
Lack of Physical Activity
Head
- Dementia - Hamer and Chida, 2009
- Stroke - Kyu et al., 2016
- Mental health problems - Amanda L. Rebar et al., 2017
- Neurodegenerative diseases - M. Hammer et al, 2009
- Cerebrovascular diseases - Harold W. Kohl. 2001
- Cognitive impairment - Danielle Laurin et all, 2001
Breast
- Breast cancer - Kyu et al., 2016
Heart
- Myocardial Infarction- Kyu et al., 2016
- Cardiovascular diseases - Kyu et al., 2016
Arteries
- Hypertension - Keith M. Diaz et all, 2014
General/Others
- Obesity - James, 2008
- Diabetes - Kyu et al., 2016
- Metablic syndrome - Lakka, 2017
- Colon cancer - KY Kollin, 2009
- Increase in mortality - Woodcock et al., 2010
Lack of Natural Spaces
Head
- Mental health problems - Triguero Mas et al, 2017
General/Others
- Nuisance, stress - Jenny J. Roe, 2013
- Worse general health - P. Dadvand et al., 2016
- Increase in mortality Mueller et al., 2017